Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in a Patient With Multivessel Disease and Dextrocardia With Situs Inversus Totalis.

Dextrocardia with situs inversus totalis is a rare hereditary condition characterized by reversed orientation of the major thoracic and abdominal organs. Though dextrocardia itself is not believed to increase the risk of coronary artery disease, the workup and surgical management of patients with this condition may be technically challenging to heart team clinicians. This report describes the case management of a high-risk 56-year-old man with dextrocardia who presented with multivessel coronary artery disease.

Successful Endoscopic Treatment of a Pancreatic Pseudocyst in a Patient with Situs Inversus Totalis and Upper GI Duplication.

BACKGROUND Duplication of the gastrointestinal tract is a rare congenital malformation that can develop in any part of the digestive tract. These duplications may be asymptomatic into adult age. Situs inversus totalis is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by a mirror transposition of thoracic and abdominal organs. We present a case of a pancreatic pseudocyst in a patient with a combination of situs inversus totalis and doubling of the esophagus, stomach, and first part of the duodenum. CASE REPORT A 64-year-old woman presented with epigastric pain. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a pancreatic pseudocyst and a previously identified duplication of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum with situs inversus totalis. The patient underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with endoscopic ultrasonography for pseudocyst drainage. During EGD, a bifurcation of the esophagus was found. Duplication of the esophagus, stomach, and first part of the duodenum was evident on further advancement. A week later, there was repeated filling of the pseudocyst with a liquid component, and the patient underwent cystogastrostomy with stenting. Five months after discharge, the stent was removed without complications. CONCLUSIONS Duplication of the gastrointestinal tract and situs inversus totalis are very rare congenital malformations that require early diagnosis. While situs inversus totalis does not represent any medical disadvantage, physicians should be aware of abnormal anatomy before procedures to prepare specialists for this in case of the need for special techniques. Endoscopic treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts is safe and effective even in such rare cases. The use of endoscopic methods also minimizes intervention and decreases the length of the patients' stays in the hospital.

Congenital hemivertebrae combined with situs inversus totalis: A rare case report.

RATIONALE: Situs inversus totalis is a rare malposition of organs that typically involves lesions in the respiratory, circulatory, or urinary systems. Cases of congenital hemivertebrae combined with situs inversus totalis are extremely rare and have limited reports. PATIENT CONCERNS: We report a 2.5 years old girl with 2 congenital hemipyramids and complete visceral inversion who ultimately underwent hemilaminectomy. DIAGNOSIS: Congenital hemivertebrae combined with situs inversus totalis. INTERVENTION: The patient underwent hemilaminectomy. OUTCOMES: The spinal deformity was corrected. LESSONS: For patient with spinal deformities combined with situs inversus totalis, surgery can be an effective treatment method. But we also need to be vigilant about the dysfunction of various systems.

A Case of Left-Sided Acute Appendicitis in a 45-Year-Old Man with Situs Inversus Totalis Managed by Emergent Laparoscopic Appendectomy.

BACKGROUND Situs inversus totalis (SIT) is a rare congenital abnormality that includes mirror-image transposition of both the abdominal and the thoracic organs. It may remain undetected into adulthood until an acute medical emergency results in diagnostic imaging. This report presents a challenging case of left-sided acute appendicitis in a 45-year-old man with SIT. CASE REPORT A 45-year-old man with a medical history of gastroesophageal reflux disease, class 2 obesity, prediabetes, and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol presented with severe acute abdominal pain localized in the left lower quadrant with localized tenderness, nausea, and 2 episodes of non-bloody and non-bilious emesis that started a day before the clinical encounter. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis revealed previously undiagnosed congenital SIT. In addition, physical, laboratory, and radiological findings suggested early acute appendicitis with no evidence of complications. Hence, the patient was managed with an emergent laparoscopic appendectomy. Acute appendicitis was confirmed in the post-surgery histopathological examination. The post-surgery recovery was uneventful, and the patient was discharged home on the second postoperative day. CONCLUSIONS This report highlights that SIT may remain undiagnosed into adulthood and poses a challenge in the diagnosis of left-side appendicitis due to atypical symptom presentation, supporting the findings of previous case reports. Therefore, the inclusion of left-sided acute appendicitis in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in the left lower quadrant is warranted.

Three-dimensional high-definition live tissue virtual dissection of mirror-image dextrocardia with thoracic-abdominal discordance in a fetus.

Three-dimensional virtual dissection using high-definition live tissue rendering ultrasound tool of a 23-week gestation fetus with situs solitus, mirror image dextrocardia, ventricular septal defect, aortic override, and pulmonary atresia.

Coronary Angiography and Chronic Total Occlusion Angioplasty in a Patient With Situs Inversus from the Right Radial Approach.

We present the case of a patient with known situs inversus referred for cardiac catheterization, which revealed a chronic total occlusion of the right coronary artery. Situs inversus, a rare congenital abnormality, is a term used to describe the inverted position of the chest and abdominal organs. Cardiac catheterization is rare in patients with this particular abnormality. It is important to customize techniques to engage coronary arteries and optimize guide support if percutaneous coronary intervention is required in these particular cases.

Radiofrequency ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation in a patient with situs inversus totalis and interrupted inferior vena cava.

INTRODUCTION: Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) has emerged as the most effective therapy. However, rare anatomical abnormalities such as situs inversus totalis, dextrocardia, or interrupted inferior vena cava can make ablation challenging. METHODS AND RESULTS: We report a case of a 55-year-old woman with situs inversus totalis, dextrocardia, surgical atrial septal defect repair, left-sided dual chamber pacemaker in place, and symptomatic recurrent persistent AF who underwent successful pulmonary vein and posterior wall isolation by the superior access from the left internal jugular vein. CONCLUSIONS: It is a feasible and safe approach with support of transesophageal echocardiography and multiple emerging technologies.

Percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion of the left circumflex branch in mirror dextrocardia: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Mirror dextrocardia (MDC) is a condition in which the heart is located in a mirror-image position on the right side of the chest compared to the normal position in individuals with physiological variations. Patients with MDC and chronic total occlusion (CTO) of the left circumflex branch (LCX) are extremely rare in clinical practice. The treatment of MDC-CTO-LCX differs significantly from patients without mirror dextrocardia and the same condition in terms of instrument selection and procedural techniques. In this article, we report a successful case of interventional treatment in a patient with MDC-CTO-LCX. We summarize the anatomical and electrocardiographic variations in patients with MDC-CTO-LCX, and discuss the selection of interventional instruments and techniques that can be useful for interventionists as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic considerations that can be helpful for clinical physicians. CASE PRESENTATION: A male Han Chinese patient, 51, was admitted, presenting recurrent chest pain for a year and recent onset of exertional fatigue over the past week.He reported episodes of chest pain following physical activities over the past year, lasting between 5 and 20 min.Despite these symptoms, the patient did not seek immediate medical attention, and the occurrence of his chest pain has progressively lessened within the year.A week prior, the patient developed exertional dyspnea after brief walks, though without any episodes of nocturnal paroxysmal dyspnea.Upon arrival at our hospital for evaluation, he was initially diagnosed with chronic coronary syndrome, previous inferior myocardial infarction, atrial arrhythmia, and classified under the New York Heart Association functional class III.Following his admission, a chest X-ray and coronary angiography were conducted.The results indicated mirror dextrocardia and total occlusion of the left circumflex branch. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed on the left circumflex branch. Subsequent angiography demonstrated optimal stent positioning without evidence of hematoma or dissection.Following the procedure, the patient's symptoms of chest pain and exertional dyspnea were resolved, which led to his subsequent discharge.A follow-up electrocardiogram, 10 months post-procedure, displayed a slow and regular atrial rhythm. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of dextrocardia is very low, and it may appear normal on an electrocardiogram; however, careful diagnosis is required when there is an abnormal direction of the P wave in limb leads. During the operation for chronic occlusive lesions of the right-sided coronary artery, the anomalous anatomical structure necessitates specific requirements for instrument selection and operative techniques. After revascularization of chronic occlusive vessels in dextrocardia, routine electrocardiographic examination may show false normalization, requiring caution in interpretation.

Insertion of a totally implantable vascular access device in a patient with dextrocardia and colon cancer: a case report.

Colon cancer in patients with situs inversus totalis is rarely associated with dextrocardia, and chemotherapy is commonly used for treatment. Central venous access devices are used to administer intravenous fluids and chemotherapy in patients with colon cancer. Compared with peripherally inserted central catheters and Hickman-type tunneled catheters, totally implantable vascular access devices (TIVADs) are safer and more effective. However, positioning the catheter tip may be challenging in patients with dextrocardia and situs inversus. We herein describe a novel case involving a patient with dextrocardia and colon cancer who was treated by TIVAD insertion with intracavitary electrocardiography-aided tip localization.

Outcomes of the Arterial Switch Operation in Patients With Dextrocardia.

BACKGROUND: Patients with dextrocardia and d-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) present a technical challenge when performing the arterial switch operation (ASO). We sought to determine the long-term outcomes of this rare presentation. METHODS: All patients who underwent the ASO with d-TGA and dextrocardia were identified from the hospital database. RESULTS: There were four patients with dextrocardia (4 of 844, 0.5%) patients; two patients had situs solitus and two patients had situs inversus. Three patients had a ventricular septal defect. Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction was present in one patient and one patient had a hypoplastic arch with severe coarctation of aorta. Anomalous coronary anatomy occurred in two patients. There was one early mortality and the cause of death was sepsis. One patient required late reoperation for severe neo-pulmonary valve regurgitation at 23 years after the ASO. At last follow-up, all three surviving patients were in New York Heart Association Class I. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with d-TGA and dextrocardia who undergo the ASO are extremely rare and require challenging operative management.

Cor triatriatum sinister with dextrocardia in association with ostium secundum atrial septal defect, subpulmonary ventricular septal defect and bicuspid pulmonary valve in a pig.

Necropsy of a 52-day-old Camborough pig revealed numerous cardiac malformations. The positional relationship of the atria, ventricles and great vessels was a mirror image type (I, L and L): inverted arrangement of the atria, with a left-sided right atrium and right-sided left atrium (situs inversus); inverted arrangement of the ventricles, with a left-sided morphological right ventricle and right-sided morphological left ventricle (L-loop); and aortic valve to the front left relative to the pulmonary valve (L-malposed). The major malformations included an ostium secundum atrial septal defect, cor triatriatum sinister (CTS), a subpulmonary ventricular septal defect and a bicuspid pulmonary valve. Histological examination revealed myocyte hypertrophy, focal myocardial necrosis and calcification in the left morphological right ventricle of the heart. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of CTS in pigs. Although the individual malformations found in the present case are not unique, an unusual combination of these cardiac malformations has not been described in animals.

3D TEE imaging in a patient with severe tricuspid regurgitation with dextrocardia and tricuspid commissural prolapse.

Although dextrocardia is a rare congenital anomaly, it may be accompanied by numerous pathologies. Tricuspid valve prolapse is an extremely uncommon cause of primary tricuspid valve disease, as is its association with dextrocardia. In this instance, we wished to share our knowledge of tricuspid commissural prolapse together with dextrocardia, which we augmented with 3D images.

Mitral valve repair in patients with mirror-image dextrocardia and situs inversus: two cases and a review of the literature.

Dextrocardia is a rare cardiac malposition that was first described in 1606. Mirror-image dextrocardia is characterized by a mirror-image change of the normal position of the heart. Most cases are accompanied by situs inversus viscerum, whereas only 3% to 10% of cases are associated with intracardiac anomalies. Valve surgery for acquired valvular lesions in patients with mirror-image dextrocardia with situs inversus is rare. Diagnosing situs anomalies in adults is important to prevent errors during surgical operations, emergency procedures, or interventional operations. In this report, we present two cases of mitral regurgitation in patients with mirror-image dextrocardia. One patient had mirror-image dextrocardia with subacute infective endocarditis and mitral regurgitation, and the other patient had mirror-image dextrocardia with mitral Carpentier type I regurgitation. In both patients, mitral valve repair was successfully performed using a transseptal approach.

Konno-Rastan Operation in a Patient With Dextrocardia and Situs Inversus.

The Konno-Rastan operation is performed for relief of complex left ventricular outflow obstruction with a small aortic annulus. When associated with situs inversus and dextrocardia, important aspects should be kept in mind due to the mirror-image anatomy. In this report, we present a case of a 10-year-old child with the diagnosis of recurrent diffuse subaortic stenosis and situs inversus and dextrocardia who underwent the Konno-Rastan operation successfully and was asymptomatic with normal physical activity after a follow-up period of one year.

Situs inversus with dextrocardia and transposition of great arteries.

Transposition of the great arteries with left ventricle outflow tract obstruction in combination with situs inversus totalis and dextrocardia is a very rare anomaly and carries high morbidity and mortality. Only few cases have been reported with this anomaly. We describe a 21-day of infant girl with transposition of the great arteries and mirror image dextrocardia and pulmonary stenosis who underwent successful neonatal arterial switch operation and left ventricle outflow tract obstruction resection following PDA stent implantation.

Optimizing the tip position of a peripherally inserted central venous catheter under a multidisciplinary team approach in a patient with mirror-image dextrocardia: a case report.

Peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs) are widely used in cardiology because they are convenient, effective, and safe. However, PICC implantation in patients with mirror-image dextrocardia who have thoracic tumors has not yet been reported. In this case report, we describe a 46-year-old patient with lung cancer who had a thoracic inclination and left pulmonary artery compression of the superior vena cava. PICC implantation under B-ultrasound guidance was planned. Because of the anatomical differences caused by mirror-image dextrocardia, we investigated the optimal position and measurement method for the tip of the PICC according to the compression site of the vascular lumen through a multidisciplinary team approach. Electrocardiography-assisted tip positioning combined with postoperative chest X-ray positioning was performed for accurate positioning.

Robotic magnetic navigation-guided pulmonary vein isolation in an atrial fibrillation patient with dextrocardia situs inversus: techniques and potential advantages.

BACKGROUND: Dextrocardia with situs inversus (DSI) is a very rare congenital anomaly. Catheter manipulation and ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with this anatomical variant is challenging for the operators. This case report presents a safe and effective AF ablation guided by the robotic magnetic navigation (RMN) system in combination with intracardiac echocardiograhy (ICE) in a patient with DSI. CASE PRESENTATION: A 64-year-old male with DSI was referred for catheter ablation of symptomatic, drug-refractory paroxysmal AF. One transseptal access was achieved via the left femoral vein under the guidance of ICE. The three-dimensional reconstruction of the left atrium and the pulmonary veins (PVs) were performed by the magnetic catheter using the CARTO and the RMN system. Then, the electroanatomic map and pre-acquired CT images were merged. Finally, bilateral circumferential ablation lines were delivered around the ipsilateral PV ostia to achieve complete PV isolation (PVI). CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates that AF catheter ablation under the guidance of the RMN system using ICE is feasible and safe in a patient with DSI. Moreover, the combination of these technologies broadly facilitates treatment of patients with complex anatomy, while reducing the risk of complications.

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in a Patient with Situs Inversus Totalis and a Double Superior Vena Cava.

BACKGROUND Situs inversus totalis (SIT) is an uncommon condition characterized as a congenital disorder in which the visceral organs are inverted relative to their typical anatomical position. SIT with double superior vena cava (SVC) is an even rarer presentation. Due to the underlying anatomical difference, the diagnosis and treatment of gallbladder stones in patients with SIT are challenging. CASE REPORT We report the case of a 24-year-old male patient who presented with an intermittent history of epigastric pain for 2 weeks. Clinical assessment and radiological investigations confirmed gall bladder stones with evidence of SIT and double superior vena cava (SVC). The patient underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) with an inverted laparoscopic approach. The recovery from the operation went smoothly, the patient was discharged from the hospital the following day, and the drain was removed on the third postoperative day. CONCLUSIONS Because anatomical variations in the SIT can affect localization of symptoms in patients with complicated gallbladder stones, the diagnosis of patients who have abdominal pain and SIT necessitates both a high index of suspicion and a thorough assessment. Although LC is considered to be a technically challenging surgery and calls for modification of the standard protocol, it is nevertheless feasible to perform the procedure effectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that LC has been documented in a patient who has SIT and double SVC.